Chapters
- Chapter 0 – Chemistry for a Sustainable Future
- Chapter 1 – The Air We Breathe
- Chapter 2 – Protecting the Ozone Layer
- Chapter 3 – The Chemistry of Global Climate Change
- Chapter 4 – Energy from Combustion
- Chapter 5 – Water for Life
- Chapter 6 – Neutralizing the Threat of Acid Rain
- Chapter 7 – The Fires of Nuclear Fission
- Chapter 8 – Energy from Electron Transfer
- Chapter 9 – The World of Polymers and Plastics
- Chapter 10 – Manipulating Molecules and Designing Drugs
- Chapter 11 – Nutrition: Food for Thought
- Chapter 12 – Genetic Engineering and the Molecules of Life
- Appendix 1 – Measure for Measure: Conversion Factors and Constants
- Appendix 2 – The Power of Exponents
- Appendix 3 – Clearing the Logjam
- Appendix 4 – Answers to Your Turn Questions Not Answered in the Text
- Appendix 5 – Answers to Selected End-of-Chapter Questions Indicated in Color in the Text
- Glossary
- Credits
- Index
Chapter Content
Chapter 0 – Chemistry for a Sustainable Future
0.1 The Choices We Make Today
0.2 The Sustainable Practices We Need for Tomorrow
0.3 The Triple Bottom Line
0.4 Cradle-to-Where?
0.5 Your Ecological Footprint
0.6 Our Responsibilities as Citizens and Chemists
0.7 Back to the Blue Marble
Chapter 1 – The Air We Breathe
1.1 What’s in a Breath?
1.2 What Else Is in a Breath?
1.3 Air Pollutants and Risk Assessment
1.4 Air Quality and You
1.5 Where We Live: The Troposphere
1.6 Classifying Matter: Pure Substances, Elements, and Compounds
1.7 Atoms and Molecules
1.8 Names and Formulas: The Vocabulary of Chemistry
1.9 Chemical Change: The Role of Oxygen in Burning
1.10 Fire and Fuel: Air Quality and Burning Hydrocarbons
1.11 Air Pollutants: Direct Sources
1.12 Ozone: A Secondary Pollutant
1.13 The Inside Story of Air Quality
1.14 Back to the Breath – at the Molecular Level
Conclusion
Chapter Summary
Questions
Chapter 2 – Protecting the Ozone Layer
2.1 Ozone: What and Where Is It?
2.2 Atomic Structure and Periodicity
2.3 Molecules and Models
2.4 Waves of Light
2.5 Radiation and Matter
2.6 The Oxygen-Ozone Screen
2.7 Biological Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation
2.8 Stratospheric Ozone Destruction: Global Observations and Causes
2.9 Chlorofluorocarbons: Properties, Uses, and Interactions with Ozone
2.10 The Antarctic Ozone Hole: A Closer Look
2.11 Responses to Global Concern
2.12 Replacements for CFCs
Conclusion
Chapter Summary
Questions
Chapter 3 – The Chemistry of Global Climate Change
3.1 In the Greenhouse: Earth’s Energy Balance
3.2 Gathering Evidence: The Testimony of Time
3.3 Molecules: How They Shape Up
3.4 Vibrating Molecules and the Greenhouse Effect
3.5 The Carbon Cycle: Contributions from Nature and Humans
3.6 Quantitative Concepts: Mass
3.7 Quantitative Concepts: Molecules and Moles
3.8 Methane and Other Greenhouse Gases
3.9 How Warm Will the Planet Get?
3.10 The Consequences of Climate Change
3.11 What Can (or Should) We Do About Climate Change
Conclusion
Chapter Summary
Questions
Chapter 4 – Energy from Combustion
4.1 Fossil Fuels and Electricity
4.2 Efficiency of Energy Transformation
4.3 The Chemistry of Coal
4.4 Petroleum
4.5 Measuring Energy Changes
4.6 Energy Changes at the Molecular Level
4.7 The Chemistry of Gasoline
4.8 New Uses for an Old Fuel
4.9 Biofuels I—Ethanol
4.10 Biofuels II—Biodiesel, Garbage, and Biogas
4.11 The Way Forward
Conclusion
Chapter Summary
Questions
Chapter 5 – Water for Life
5.1 The Unique Properties of Water
5.2 The Role of Hydrogen Bonding
5.3 Water Use
5.4 Water Issues
5.5 Aqueous Solutions
5.6 A Close Look at Solutes
5.7 Names and Formulas of Ionic Compounds
5.8 The Ocean—An Aqueous Solution with Many Ions
5.9 Covalent Compounds and Their Solutions
5.10 Protecting Our Drinking Water: Federal Legislation
5.11 Water Treatment
5.12 Water Solutions for Global Challenges
Conclusion
Chapter Summary
Questions
Chapter 6 – Neutralizing the Threat of Acid Rain
6.1 What is an Acid?
6.2 What is a Base?
6.3 Neutralization: Bases are Antacids
6.4 Introducing pH
6.5 Ocean Acidification
6.6 The Challenges of Measuring the pH of Rain
6.7 Sulfur Dioxide and the Combustion of Coal
6.8 Nitrogen Oxides and the Combustion of Gasoline
6.9 The Nitrogen Cycle
6.10 SO2 and NOx—How Do They Stack Up?
6.11 Acid Deposition and Its Effects on Materials
6.12 Acid Deposition, Haze, and Human Health
6.13 Damage to Lakes and Streams
Conclusion
Chapter Summary
Questions
Chapter 7 – The Fires of Nuclear Fission
7.1 Nuclear Power Worldwide
7.2 How Fission Produces Energy
7.3 How Nuclear Reactors Produce Electricity
7.4 What is Radioactivity?
7.5 Looking Backward to Go Forward
7.6 Radioactivity and You
7.7 The Weapons Connection
7.8 Nuclear Time: The Half-Life
7.9 Nuclear Waste: Here Today, Here Tomorrow
7.10 Risks and Benefits of Nuclear Power
7.11 A Future for Nuclear Power
Conclusion
Chapter Summary
Questions
Chapter 8 – Energy from Electron Transfer
8.1 Batteries, Galvanic Cells, and Electrons
8.2 Other Common Galvanic Cells
8.3 Battery Ingredients: Cradle-to-Cradle
8.4 Hybrid Vehicles
8.5 Fuel Cells: The Basics
8.6 Hydrogen for Fuel Cell Vehicles
8.7 Photovoltaic Cells: The Basics
8.8 Electricity from Renewable (Sustainable) Sources
Conclusion
Chapter Summary
Questions
Chapter 9 – The World of Polymers and Plastics
9.1 Polymers: Long, Long Chains
9.2 Adding Up the Monomers
9.3 Polyethylene: A Closer Look
9.4 The “Big Six”: Theme and Variations
9.5 Condensing the Monomers
9.6 Polyamides: Natural and Nylon
9.7 Recycling: The Big Picture
9.8 Recycling Plastics: The Details
Conclusion
Chapter Summary
Questions
Chapter 10 – Manipulating Molecules and Designing Drugs
10.1 A Classic Wonder Drug
10.2 The Study of Carbon-Containing Molecules
10.3 Functional Groups
10.4 How Aspirin Works: Function Follows Form
10.5 Modern Drug Design
10.6 Give These Molecules a Hand!
10.7 Steroids
10.8 Prescription, Generic, and Over-the-Counter Medicines
10.9 Herbal Medicine
10.10 Drugs of Abuse
Conclusion
Chapter Summary
Questions
Chapter 11 – Nutrition: Food for Thought
11.1 Food and the Planet
11.2 You Are What You Eat
11.3 Fats and Oils
11.4 Fats, Oils, and Your Diet
11.5 Carbohydrates: Sweet and Starchy
11.6 How Sweet It Is: Sugars and Sugar Substitutes
11.7 Proteins: First Among Equals
11.8 Vitamins and Minerals: The Other Essentials
11.9 Energy from Food
11.10 Quality Versus Quantity: Dietary Advice
11.11 Eat Local? Eat Veggies?
11.12 Feeding a Hungry World
Conclusion
Chapter Summary
Feeding a Hungry World
Chapter 12 – Genetic Engineering and the Molecules of Life
12.1 Stronger and Better Corn Plants?
12.2 A Chemical That Codes Life
12.3 The Double Helix of DNA
12.4 Cracking and the Chemical Code
12.5 Proteins: Form to Function
12.6 The Process of Genetic Engineering
12.7 Making Chemical Synthesis Green from Genetic Modification
12.8 The New Frankenstein
Conclusion
Chapter Summary
Questions